russian military women

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Women in the Russian and Soviet armies played many roles in their countries' military history. Vom played an important role in World War II in Russia and the Soviet Union, especially in World War II.

Russian Military Women

Womm served in the Russian armed forces in small numbers during the early stages of the war, but their numbers increased after major Russian losses, such as the battles of Tanberg and the Masurian Lakes, and the need for additional manpower. Maria Bochkareva, who served with the 25th Reserve Battalion of the Russian Army, was recruited. After the abdication of Nicholas II of Russia in March 1917, she persuaded Provisional Prime Minister Alexander Kersky to allow her to create a women's battalion. The Vom Battalion recruited women between the ages of 13 and 25 and appealed for support at several public meetings, numbering around 2,000 soldiers. The battalion fought during the June Offensive against German forces in 1917. Three months of fighting reduced the number to about two hundred and fifty men.

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Umb's army was disbanded after the failed coup known as The Problem's Name is Kornilov. Its leader Geral Lavr Kornilov was strongly supported by Bachkarova, and Vom's battalion was identified as very sympathetic. Most of the battalion's members were reformed into the First Petrograd Women's Battalion. This group was in the Winter Palace on the night of the Bolshevik Revolution, along with the untrained cadet squad and the bicycle regiment. They fought but were decisively defeated even though only 5 people died. In the attack on the winter palace. The Bolsheviks officially disbanded the group in victory.

Many female pilots are known from the First World War, one example is Sofia Alekseevna Dolgorukova. Princess Eugenie Shakovskaya was commissioned as a gunner pilot and spy, volunteering for the Russian Air Force in 1914 (one of the first female military pilots in the world) and flying with the 26th Airborne Division in 1917 for 9 months. Due to her connection with the imperial family, she was demobilized after the October Revolution. Love A. Golanchikova was a test pilot who presented her aircraft to the Imperial Army; Hale P. Samsonova was assigned to the 5th Air Force Command as a reconnaissance pilot. And in 1915, Nedeshda Degtereva had the distinction of being the first female pilot to be wounded in combat while on a reconnaissance mission over the Austrian border in Galicia.

Wom participated in most of the armed forces of World War II. However, in most countries, women serve mainly in administrative, medical and support roles. But in the Soviet Union, women fought for a role at the forefront. More than 800,000 people served in the Soviet armed forces in World War II, mostly doctors and nurses. That's more than 3 percent of all employees; Almost 200,000 of them are decorated. 89 of them received the highest award of the Soviet Union, the Hero of the Soviet Union, they served as pilots, gunners, machine gunners, tank crew members and soldiers, including in support roles.

For Soviet cosmonauts, an indicator of this change was Marina Raskova, a pilot named Voice of Russia. Raskova became famous as both an aviator and a pilot in the 1930s. She was the first woman to become a navigator in the Soviet Air Force in 1933. the women. The Soviet Union was the first country to allow women pilots to fly combat missions. These fighters with a strength of almost one hundred airworms, flying a total of more than 30,000 combat types, produced more than twenty Heroes of the Soviet Union and include two fighter aces. This military unit was originally called the 122nd Aviation Group while the three soldiers were being trained. After their training, the three regiments were officially designated as the 586th Fighter Aviation Regiment.

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The Soviet Union also used women for sniper duties with good results, including Nina Alekseevna Lobkovskaya and Lyudmila Pavlichko (who killed more than 300 enemy soldiers). The Soviets found that the sniper role suited women well, as good snipers are patient, careful, deliberate, and should avoid hand-to-hand combat tactics. Vom also served in non-combat roles as doctors, nurses, communications workers, political officers, as well as - in small numbers - as machine gunners, tank drivers. Manshuk Mametova

A machine gunner from Kazakhstan and the first Asian woman to be awarded the title of Hero of the Soviet Union after refusing to retreat with the rest of her army.

One of the most famous is Zoya Kosmodemyanskaya, who was posthumously awarded the Hero of the Soviet Union on February 16, 1942.

The youngest woman to become a Hero of the Soviet Union was resistance fighter Zinaida Portnova.

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After the war, most women left the armed forces. Those who stayed for a career in the armed forces after the war saw a return to old attitudes, promotion and opportunities more difficult. Also, some military institutions have closed their doors to women despite official policies of equality. In 1967, the Soviet Union Military Manpower Act concluded that the Soviet Union offered greater military resources during large-scale mobilization. Therefore, many programs during the height of the Cold War were established to encourage women to enlist. Participation in military youth programs and forced participation in the reserve For example, working life up to 40 years. The University has a reserve training staff consisting of posts in its own reserve, especially for doctors. But some roles that were suitable for mothers during the war were later banned.

In 1992, when the conscription of non-commissioned officers and enlisted personnel was changed to voluntary or contractual conscription, women were given equal rights to join the Russian armed forces.

Between 1990 and 1999, the percentage of women in the armed forces increased from 3.5% to almost 10%.

Smirnov (2002) referred to a survey in September to November 1999 that he and his colleagues conducted on a representative sample of 993 female soldiers, showing that female soldiers generally had a higher level of education than their male counterparts, their average age being about 30 years and they have achieved. Lots of experience.

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However, the socio-economic situation of women in Russia is worse ("Exclusion of women from unpaid work, irregular occupations and unemployment press social problems in Russia").

According to the 1999 survey, 67.9% of military women are married and they make up 57.1% of all women. All have children (71.4%); All other female soldiers had very few children.

There is also a clear link between education and participation: the more educated people are, the fewer children they have.

Smirnov noted that the divorce rate increased and the marriage rate decreased in the 1990s; He said divorcees and widows were the "least socially protected group" because they were poorer and many of them were homeless.

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53.9% of the women in the survey believe that the man should work to support the family, and the woman should take care of the house; These women served military service only because of "material difficulties", because they do not have a husband or partner (yet/other), or their husband or partner (probably temporary) cannot earn enough money for the whole family.

29.2% of Russian women said that "married mothers should work equally with their husbands." Work made them fully aware of their own abilities and earned the respect of colleagues, work and achieve creative success that cannot be done at home, regardless of the benefit of the family.

8.7% of female soldiers reported that their labor rights were violated in some way, such as being promoted (33.2%), assigned to positions with less financial support (31.6%), and lacking hope. for solving housing problems" (41%), while 57.1% are not sure if they were discriminated against or not.

Single mothers, married mothers, divorced mothers, and widows were less likely to be promoted "because their superiors [were] firmly convinced that family concerns would prevent them from fulfilling their official duties."

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Only 3,300 women (2.9%) are intermediaries, mostly in mid-level positions, and are usually assigned to perform administrative duties "that for some reason I ignore[d]", forcing the service worker "to continue with the task that is not . The most famous.'

In 2002, 10% of the Russian Armed Forces (100,000 out of 988,100 active forces) were women according to the International Institute for Strategic Studies.

A 2016 TASS article said, "In the 2000s, more than 90,000 women served in the Russian army," but that number had dropped to "about 45,000" in 2011.